Drawing
Bending
Ball sizing

Drawing
In this step, a steel core rod with precise dimensions is inserted into the tube and fitted tightly against it as in the bell manufacturing process. The tube is then drawn through an exterior die forming highly precise, micron-level tolerances.
Bending
To prevent the pipe from losing its roundness, a soft metal that melts easily is packed inside it. Then a form is used to bend the pipe. Lastly the packed metal is melted and removed.
Ball sizing
In this step, a steel ball, with a diameter the same as the inner diameter of the curved tube, is passed through to precisely shape the inner diameter of the pipe.


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